Effects of DNA demethylation with rich intake of CYP2E1, glutathione and decarboxylase enzymes on cholesterol of smokers in the printing industry in Surabaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31989/ffs.v5i10.1701Abstract
Introduction: Toluene is a chemical solvent widely used in the printing industry that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation.
Aims: This study investigates the effect of toluene exposure on malondialdehyde (MDA) and cholesterol levels and evaluates the potential protective role of a dietary enzyme-enriched beverage.
Methods: This research employed a pre-experimental design without a control group. The study population included all workers at Airlangga University Press and PT. Graha Cipta Pustaka in Surabaya, totaling 26 individuals. A sample of 15 workers was selected for analysis. Participants consumed a powdered beverage enriched with CYP2E1 and decarboxylase enzymes (10 g/day dissolved in 200 mL water, administered once daily for 14 days). Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure MDA and cholesterol. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Dropout handling was performed by oversampling beyond the minimum required sample size.
Results: Before intervention, 66.7% of participants had elevated cholesterol levels (≥200 mg/dL). After the intervention, this proportion decreased to 13.3%. Mean cholesterol levels declined significantly (65.13 mg/dL reduction, p<0.001). MDA levels also showed improvement, particularly among smokers.
Conclusion: Consumption of a CYP2E1 and decarboxylase-enriched beverage significantly reduced cholesterol and MDA levels in toluene-exposed workers. The absence of a control group is acknowledged as a limitation, and future studies should adopt randomized controlled designs.
Novelty: This study is among the first to explore enzyme-based dietary intervention for mitigating oxidative stress biomarkers in toluene-exposed workers. It highlights a practical approach for occupational health management in industries with solvent exposure.
Keywords: Toluene exposure; DNA demethylation; CYP2E1 enzyme; Cholesterol; Oxidative stress; Printing industry workers
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