Neuroprotective Effects of Tea Against Cadmium Toxicity

Authors

  • Francis N. Wachira Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, PO Box 170 90200 Kitui, Kenya
  • G. O. Areba Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Egerton University, Kenya
  • R. M. Ngure Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Egerton University, Kenya
  • R. Khalid Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany
  • F. Maloba Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Kenya
  • N. Nyaga Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Kenya
  • K. O. Moseti Tea Research Institute of Kenya, Kenya
  • M. Ngotho Mount Kenya University, Kenya
  • J. K. Wanyoko Tea Research Institute of Kenya, Kenya
  • S. M. Karori Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v2i12.684

Abstract

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a common pollutant and potential neuro-toxicant to humans. The main treatment for heavy metal toxicity is chelation therapy which is however replete with grave side effects. This study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effects of extracts of the tea beverage on experimentally induced cadmium toxicity in the brain of rats. Cadmiumas CdCl2 was administered subcutaneously while tea was given orally.

Methods: Healthy Wister rats were used to study the effects of co-administration of Cd and tea extracts on the brain. Cadmium was injected subcutaneously while tea was administered orally to the rats. Brain tissue from euthanized rats was assayed for Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes Protein 1 (ZHX1), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation markers Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). Neurohistochemical and histopathological studies were also carried out on the brain tissues of the rats.

Results: Cadmium significantly induced neuronal damage exhibited by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in ZHX1 in the brain tissue, significant (p <0.05) increase in TBARS, as well as significant (p < 0.05) increase in GSH implying an impaired antioxidant defense system. Co-administration of Cd with black or green tea extracts resulted in a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation as well as maintenance of GSH and ZHX1. The neurohistochemical and histopathological studies in the brain of the rats indicated that the tea extracts significantly reduced CdCl2 toxicity and preserved the normal histological architecture of the brain tissues.

Conclusion: This paper reports for the first time the efficacy of tea extracts in protecting rats from cadmium induced toxicity and disturbances of antioxidant defense system in the brain.

Key words: Tea; flavonoids; Cadmium; neurotoxicity; Chelating agents.

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Published

2019-12-31

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 12 (2019): December 2019

Section

Research Articles

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