The influence of 2'-fucosyllactose on intestinal cell function: A comprehensive review of experimental studies

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal illnesses that causes preterm neonates to die. This occurs because Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharides, and preterm newborns' intestines express TLR4 at far greater levels than those of full-term neonates. NEC occurs in approximately 1 out of every 1,000 live births, with 5% to 10% incidence, and over 90% of cases are observed in infants younger than one month. Certain elements in breast milk have been found to help lower the risk of NEC. This systematic review aims to analyze various experimental studies related to the administration of 2’-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) that have the potential to induce improvement and therapy in NEC cases through intestinal cell function. There have not been many systematic reviews that specifically highlight the therapeutic effects of 2'FL on Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), most of which still address the role of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The results show that the search flow uses the PRISMA Flowchart; after screening 133 titles and abstracts, 55 studies were accessed to verify the feasibility of the full text. Overall, there were 5 studies selected in this study for a comprehensive review. According to the study's findings, 2'-FL, one of the HMOs, has a number of advantageous impacts on the host's immune system and digestive tract. Among many other advantages, HMOs have been shown to boost the immunological response to vaccinations, influence the makeup of the gut microbiota, and enhance the expression of genes related to gut function.

Keywords: NEC, HMOs, 2'-FL, Intestine, TLR4.